第 15 节
作者:      更新:2022-06-15 11:22      字数:8980
  room。     In all circumstances serenity of   mind should be maintained; and
  conversation   should   be   conducted   as   never   to   mar   the   harmony   of   the
  surroundings。       The cut and color of the dress; the poise of the body; and
  the    manner     of   walking     could    all   be   made     expressions     of   artistic
  personality。 These were matters not to be lightly ignored; for until one has
  made himself beautiful he has no right to approach beauty。 Thus the tea…
  master   strove   to   be   something   more   than   the    artist;art   itself。  It   was
  the Zen of aestheticism。          Perfection is everywhere if we only choose to
  recognise   it。    Rikiu   loved   to   quote   an   old   poem   which   says:   〃To   those
  who long only for flowers; fain would I show the full…blown spring which
  abides in the toiling buds of snow…covered hills。〃
  Manifold indeed have been the contributions of the tea…masters to art。
  They     completely      revolutionised     the   classical   architecture    and   interior
  decorations; and established the new style which we have described in the
  chapter of the tea…room; a style to whose influence even the palaces and
  monasteries built after the sixteenth century have all been subject。                    The
  many…sided Kobori…Enshiu has left notable examples of his genius in the
  Imperial     villa   of  Katsura;     the  castles   of   Najoya     and   Nijo;   and    the
  monastery of Kohoan。 All the celebrated gardens of Japan were laid out by
  the tea…masters。 Our pottery would probably never have attained its high
  quality of excellence if the tea…masters had not lent it to their inspiration;
  the manufacture of the utensils used in the tea…ceremony                 calling forth the
  utmost   expenditure   of   ingenuity   on   the      parts   of   our   ceramists。     The
  Seven Kilns of Enshiu are well known to all               students of Japanese pottery。
  many of our textile fabrics bear the           names of tea…masters who conceived
  their color or design。 It is       impossible; indeed; to find any department of
  art   in   which   the  tea…masters   have   not   left   marks   of   their   genius。    In
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  painting      and    lacquer      it  seems     almost    superfluous      to   mention     the
  immense        services they  have   rendered。         One of   the greatest schools of
  painting      owes its origin to the tea…master Honnami…Koyetsu; famed also
  as    a lacquer artist and potter。        Beside his works; the splendid creation of
  his grandson; Koho; and of his grand…nephews; Korin and Kenzan; almost
  fall into the shade。       The whole Korin school; as it is generally designated;
  is an expression of Teaism。           In the broad lines of this school we seem to
  find the vitality of nature herself。
  Great as has been the influence of the tea…masters in the field of art; it
  is as nothing compared to that which they have exerted on the conduct of
  life。   Not only in the usages of polite society; but also in the arrangement
  of   all   our   domestic   details;   do   we   feel   the   presence   of   the   tea…masters。
  Many of our delicate dishes; as well as our way of serving food; are their
  inventions。       They   have      taught   us   to   dress   only   in   garments   of   sober
  colors。     They have instructed us in the proper spirit in which to approach
  flowers。 They have given emphasis to our natural love of simplicity; and
  shown us the beauty of humility。              In fact; through their teachings tea has
  entered the life of the people。
  Those of us who know not the secret of properly regulating our own
  existence on this tumultuous sea of foolish troubles which we call life are
  constantly   in   a   state   of   misery   while   vainly   trying   to   appear   happy   and
  contented。       We   stagger   in   the   attempt   to   keep   our   moral   equilibrium;
  and see forerunners of the tempest in every cloud that floats on the horizon。
  Yet there is joy and beauty in the roll of billows as they sweep outward
  toward eternity。       Why not enter into their spirit; or; like Liehtse; ride upon
  the hurricane itself?
  He only who has lived with the beautiful can die beautifully。 The last
  moments of the great tea…masters were as full of                 exquisite refinement as
  had   been   their   lives。   Seeking   always   to   be   in   harmony   with   the   great
  rhythm   of   the   universe;   they   were   ever   prepared   to   enter   the   unknown。
  The   〃Last Tea   of      Rikiu〃   will   stand   forth   forever   as   the   acme   of   tragic
  grandeur。
  Long had been the friendship between Rikiu and the Taiko… Hideyoshi;
  and   high   the   estimation   in   which   the   great   warrior   held   the   tea…master。
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  But the friendship of a despot is ever a dangerous honour。                    It was an age
  rife with treachery; and men trusted not even their nearest kin。                   Rikiu was
  no   servile   courtier;   and   had   often   dared   to   differ   in   argument   with   his
  fierce patron。 Taking advantage of the coldness which had for some time
  existed     between the Taiko and Rikiu; the enemies of the latter accused
  him   of   being   implicated   in   a   conspiracy   to   poison   the   despot。   It   was
  whispered to Hideyoshi that the fatal potion was to be administered to him
  with    a  cup    of  the   green    beverage     prepared     by  the   tea…master。     With
  Hideyoshi suspicion was sufficient ground for instant execution; and there
  was no appeal from the will of the angry ruler。                 One privilege alone was
  granted to the condemned the honor of dying by his own hand。
  On   the   day   destined   for   his   self…immolation;   Rikiu   invited   his   chief
  disciples to a last tea…ceremony。            Mournfully at the appointed time               the
  guests   met   at   the   portico。    As   they   look   into   the   garden   path   the   trees
  seem to shudder; and in the rustling of their leaves are heard the whispers
  of   homeless   ghosts。      Like   solemn   sentinels   before        the   gates   of   Hades
  stand the grey stone lanterns。           A wave of rare incense is wafted from the
  tea…room; it is the summons which bids the guests to enter。                     One by one
  they advance and take their places。             In the tokonoma hangs a kakemon;
  a wonderful writing by an ancient monk dealing with the evanescence of
  all earthly things。       The singing kettle; as it boils over the brazier; sounds
  like some cicada pouring forth his woes to departing summer。                        Soon the
  host   enters   the   room。   Each   in   turn   is   served   with   tea;   and   each   in   turn
  silently   drains   his   cup;    the   host   last   of   all。 according   to   established
  etiquette; the chief guest now asks permission to examine the tea…equipage。
  Rikiu places the various articles before them; with the kakemono。                        After
  all have expressed admiration of their beauty; Rikiu presents one of them
  to   each   of   the   assembled   company   as   a   souvenir。       The   bowl   alone   he
  keeps。     〃Never again shall this cup; polluted by the lips of misfortune; be
  used by man。〃        He speaks; and breaks the vessel into fragments。
  The ceremony is over; the guests with difficulty restraining their tears;
  take   their   last   farewell   and   leave   the   room。   One   only;   the   nearest   and
  dearest; is requested to remain and witness the end。 Rikiu then removes his
  tea…gown       and   carefully    folds   it  upon    the  mat;    thereby    disclosing     the
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  immaculate white death robe          which it had hitherto concealed。         Tenderly
  he gazes on the shining blade of the fatal dagger; and in exquisite verse
  thus addresses it:
  〃Welcome      to  thee;/  O   sword    of  eternity!/   Through    Buddha/     And
  through Daruma alike/ Thou hast cleft thy way。〃
  With a smile upon his face Rikiu passed forth into the unknown。
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